Toronto Islands

When the hustle and bustle of commerce and traffic congestion start to get to you just hop on the Toronto Harbour ferry and sail over to Toronto Islands, a great, green, peaceful 230-hectare park made up of three islands: Ward's, Centre, and Hanlan's Point.

All feature nice walking paths, and paths for skating and cycling, as well as lots of trees, open spaces, swans, flowers, snackbars, picnic areas and lots more.

Natural history and development

The Toronto Islands were not always islands but actually a series of continuously moving sand-bars, or littoral drift deposits, originating from the Scarborough Bluffs and carried westward by Lake Ontario currents. By the early 1800s, the longest of these bars extended nearly 9 kilometres south-west from Woodbine Avenue, through Ashbridge's Bay and the marshes of the lower Don River, forming a natural harbour between the lake and the mainland.

Although the peninsula and surrounding sand-bars were first surveyed in 1792 by Lieutenant Bouchette of the British Navy, they were well-known by native people, who considered them a place of leisure and relaxation.

The main peninsula became known to European settlers as the "Island of Hiawatha". D.W. Smith's Gazetteer recorded in 1813 that "the long beach or peninsula, which affords a most delightful ride, is considered so healthy by the Indians that they resort to it whenever indisposed".

Many Indian encampments were located between the peninsula's base and the Don River. The sand-bars were also important to birds and other wildlife. During migration periods vast numbers of birds frequently stopped at the sand-bars and marshlands of the Don River and Ashbridge's Bay.

A carriage path from York which led to Gibraltar Point at the western tip of the peninsula, and also followed the shoreline east to Scarborough Bluffs, was very popular during the early 1800's. It later became known as Lake Shore Avenue.

Part of the boardwalk on Centre Island traces this same route. A bridge across the Don River that was constructed to enable people from the city to reach Lake Shore Avenue also aided settlement east of the river.

In 1850, the young engineer Sanford Fleming studied the sand-bar movement and calculated that twelve hectares had been added to the western section of the sand-bars over the previous fifty years.

During that decade, a number of severe storms and their strong wave action worked to erode the peninsula, requiring frequent repair to small gaps until finally, in 1858, an island was created when a storm completely separated the peninsula from the mainland and the gap was not repaired.

The Eastern Gap has since become an important shipping route into the Toronto Harbour.